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But if the master key is encrypted only with a password, it must be explicitly opened.

If it's encrypted with the service master key, the master key doesn't have to be explicitly opened. The master key must be open and, therefore, decrypted before it's backed up. Before you begin Limitations and restrictions For this reason, you should back up the database master key and store the backup in a secure off-site location.

If it's deleted or corrupted, SQL Server may be unable to decrypt those keys, and the data encrypted using them will be effectively lost. The database master key is used to encrypt other keys and certificates inside a database. This topic describes how to back up a database master key in SQL Server by using Transact-SQL.